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                <text>John Simmons' will</text>
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                <text>When clothing manufacturer John Simmons died in 1870, he left provisions in his will “to found and endow an institution to be called Simmons Female College.” The necessary funds were not secured until almost thirty years later, but when Simmons College opened its doors in 1899, it remained committed to Simmons’s vision of a college that would give women an opportunity to “acquire an independent livelihood.” </text>
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                <text>John Simmons</text>
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                <text>Simmons University Archives</text>
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                <text>1870</text>
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                <text>Blanche Castleman posed near North Hall steps 1917</text>
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                <text>Born in 1897 in Rochester, New York, Blanche Castleman ‘19 studied Library Science at Simmons, where she was a member of the Bulletin Board Committee, the Dormitory Council, and the Dramatics Society. She later became a librarian at Jefferson Junior High School in Rochester, and married teacher Clarence James Link in 1922; the couple had one daughter, Barbara, born in 1925. Blanche Castleman died in 1980 and is buried in Rochester. &#13;
&#13;
While at Simmons, Castleman attended the Boston Suffrage March in 1915 and kept a fragment of a red anti-suffrage streamer in her scrapbook as a memento. Though no evidence remains to confirm either her support of or opposition to the women’s suffrage cause, her attendance at the march nevertheless suggests that Castleman was one of many politically engaged Simmons students during the 1910s.</text>
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                <text>The Woman Suffrage Cook Book</text>
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                <text>Edited by suffragist Mrs. L.O. Kleber, The Suffrage Cook Book (1915) was one of several culinary collaborations produced by suffragists to spread awareness and raise funds for the cause during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Like the others of its kind, The Suffrage Cook Book contained a variety of serious and satirical recipes from women contributors, interspersed with photographs, jokes, and celebrity quotes and endorsements. </text>
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                <text>Michigan State University Archives&#13;
 &#13;
https://n2t.net/ark:/85335/m5dm30</text>
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                <text>1890</text>
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                <text>"Votes for Women: Take Economics"</text>
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                <text>This suffrage-themed advertisement for an Economics class at Simmons in 1914 suggests the presence of pro-suffrage faculty and students in the Household Economics department.  </text>
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                <text>The Microcosm</text>
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                <text>Membership card for Equality League of Self-Supporting Women</text>
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                <text>Miller NAWSA Suffrage Scrapbooks, 1897-1911</text>
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                <text>The Library of Congress http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbcmil.scrp5013102</text>
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                <text>1909</text>
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                <text>Founded in 1907 by Harriot Stanton Blatch, the Equality League of Self-Supporting Women (later called the Women’s Political Union) worked to involve working-class women in the suffrage movement, particularly in New York. This card, printed sometime before 1909, certified membership and requested a twenty-five-cent admission fee for new members.</text>
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                <text>Aerial view of the corner of Washington and School streets, packed tightly with people.</text>
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                <text>Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, Radcliffe Institute</text>
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                <text>May 2 1914</text>
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                <text>Three women standing in front of the parade headquarters of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association.</text>
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                <text>Suffrage victory parade, all friends invited to to march, October 16, 1915, Boston</text>
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                <text>"Battle Hymn of the Republic" and "Suffrage Marching Song"</text>
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                <text>This broadsheet, containing marching instructions, a parade map, and song lyrics, advised suffrage supporters on how to participate in the Boston suffrage march of October 16, 1915. </text>
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                <text>This broadsheet, containing marching instructions, a parade map, and song lyrics, advised suffrage supporters on how to participate in the Boston suffrage march of October 16, 1915. Simmons is the only college listed individually among the groups of marchers.</text>
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