9 10 106 https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/31746747c7ed90f7d46a9afde69fbd5d.jpg 9cd6d52cf31d3ac5d8400949f6d0d67b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Caroline J. Cook Faculty, Business and Law Description An account of the resource Caroline Jewell Cook was born in Evansville, Indiana in 1863 to Henry and Caroline (Judson) Cook. She earned an A.B. from Wellesley College in 1884 and later attended the Boston University School of Law, graduating in 1899. The following year, she applied to Harvard Law School, a common practice at the time for recent law graduates who wished to obtain a higher status degree. Though Harvard University had recently adopted a new merit-based admissions system, women applicants seldom received equal consideration, and Cook’s application was rejected; Harvard Law School would not admit its first female students until 1950. Nevertheless, Cook was admitted to the Massachusetts and Indiana Bar Associations in 1900, becoming the first woman to be bar certified in two different states. Cook began her teaching career while still in law school, teaching Latin at the Dana Hall School in Wellesley between 1891 and 1899. After passing her bar examinations, Cook went into private practice, maintaining a law office on Beacon Street in Boston, but she never entirely gave up teaching. She taught courses in Business Methods and Commercial Law at Simmons in 1907 and again from 1910-1913, and also returned intermittently to Wellesley during this time as an instructor in Legislative Law. In the midst of her teaching and legal work, Cook organized for suffrage. As early as 1889, she edited a suffrage column for her hometown newspaper in Indiana. By 1910, she was traveling with a group of fellow Massachusetts Equal Suffrage League members, stopping in a variety of towns over the course of the summer to educate Massachusetts women about citizenship and suffrage rights. She was also a member of the Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government, directing its nominating committee in 1916, and was involved in the Massachusetts Civic League and the State Federation of Women’s Clubs. Cook was vocal about her suffrage views, speaking at club meetings and at the Massachusetts State House, and often writing for the Boston Globe. When the newspaper ran a series of articles in 1909 addressing the question “Why do so few women avail themselves of the school suffrage?” Cook responded with a condemnation of Boston’s voting policies, arguing that the city’s failure to maintain updated lists of women voters made it difficult for women to exercise their right to vote (only in school committee elections) without being forced to register again. Her own name had been purged from voter lists more than once, she wrote, but “my...hardest struggle comes on election day. I cannot get used to the humiliation of being restricted to a small fraction of the ballot privilege which I claim as an intelligent citizen of a country which calls itself a republic.” Cook’s commitment to equality informed her work as a lawyer, inspiring her advocacy for women’s divorce rights, small loan justice, and a state amendment allowing women attorneys to become notaries. She was Chief Inspector of the Incorporated Charities of the Massachusetts Department of Public Welfare for many years, and in 1913 she helped draft the first minimum wage law in Massachusetts. Cook also served as President of the Industrial Credit Union of Boston in 1910 and head of the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union’s Department of Law and Thrift in 1912. In the 1920s, she became the first president of the Massachusetts Association of Women Lawyers. Cook died in Boston in August of 1947 and is buried in Evansville, Indiana. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Wellesley College Legenda Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Wellesley College Legenda Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1884 https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/6824b20a8fbf186b5e516eff1fbe3253.jpg 8ff5bd194b096117a7ba8798616a3526 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mabel Wheeler Daniels Director of Music Description An account of the resource Mabel Wheeler Daniels was born in Swampscott, Massachusetts around 1878 to George F. Daniels, a successful shoe manufacturer, and Maria (Wheeler) Daniels. The entire Daniels family was musically inclined; both of Mabel’s grandfathers were church musicians and ten members of her extended family, including her parents, were members of the Boston Handel and Haydn Society, of which her father was also president. Daniels herself exhibited musical talent from early childhood, studying piano and composing her first piece of music at the age of ten. Daniels attended the Boston Girls’ Latin School, then went on to Radcliffe College, where she earned an A.B. in 1900 and graduated with honors. She continued to pursue music while at Radcliffe, leading the college’s glee club and performing in student operettas, two of which she composed herself. After graduation, she studied with composer George Whitefield Chadwick at the New England Conservatory of Music, applying to study abroad at the Royal Munich Conservatory on his recommendation. Daniels spent two years studying in Germany, becoming the first woman to gain admittance to the Munich Conservatory’s prestigious score-reading class and winning a medal from the school in 1903. When Daniels returned to Boston, she joined the Cecilia Society, a local chorus, in order to gain experience in modern choral and orchestral music. She also published a memoir of her time in Germany, An American Girl in Munich: Impressions of a Music Student (1905). In 1911, Daniels assumed directorship of both the Radcliffe Glee Club and the music program at Bradford Academy in Haverhill, Massachusetts. She remained in these roles until 1913, when she was appointed Director of Music at Simmons, leading the College’s Glee Club, Choir, and Musical Association for the next five years. Also in 1913, Daniels began to gain status as a composer when her piece The Desolate City was chosen for presentation at the MacDowell artists’ colony in New Hampshire. The performance was a success, and Daniels spent the next twenty-four summers as a fellow at MacDowell, citing the colony as inspiration for many of her works. When she left Simmons in 1918, she devoted the rest of her life to composing music and experienced considerable success during her lifetime. Daniels wrote a number of orchestral suites and operettas, several of which were arranged for ballet or performed in programs at Boston’s Symphony Hall and New York’s Carnegie Hall. Among her best known works were Exultate Deo (1929), Deep Forest (1939), and The Song of Jael (1940). In 1911, she was honored for her contributions to music by the National Federation of Music Clubs, receiving both the Custer and Brush Memorial Prizes. She was also awarded honorary degrees from Tufts University in 1933 and Boston University in 1939. Though Daniels seldom voiced her opinions on political matters, she was a proponent of women’s suffrage. She held membership in the Women’s University Club, the Vincent Musical Art Club, and the American Composers’ Alliance, and was also a Unitarian and an active member of Boston’s Arlington Street Church. Throughout her career, Daniels engaged in philanthropic work, donating generously to Tufts and the New England Conservatory of Music and establishing a loan fund at Radcliffe for students majoring in music. She also served as an alumnae trustee of Radcliffe in the 1940s and sometimes acted as an adviser for music education in the Boston Public Schools. Daniels died of pneumonia in Boston in March of 1971. She is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, near her parents. Her papers are held at Radcliffe’s Schlesinger Library. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/a21b28c0cce171767c07ad015c5c8293.png 97a7f9de643e22aaa0791524e1800032 https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/f14c8cc7644ecc9aedea4102a7bf3674.png 700aaf286cce0a2f73ce7675649f9431 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource June Richardson Donnelly Faculty, Library Science Description An account of the resource June Richardson Donnelly was born in College Hill, Ohio, to John Marshall Donnelly and Anne (Moore) Donnelly. She attended the Cincinnati Public Schools, graduating from Hughes High School. She went on to earn a B.S. in biology in 1895 from the University of Cincinnati, where she was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa academic honor society. She later attended the New York State Library School in Albany, graduating with a B.L.S. around 1903. After graduation, Donnelly worked for two years as a cataloguer at the Cincinnati Public Library. In 1905, she moved to Boston and took a position as a Library Science instructor at Simmons, where she would stay for more than thirty years. After taking a leave of absence in 1909 to assume the directorship of the Drexel Institute Library School in Philadelphia for three years, Donnelly returned to Simmons in 1913, this time as Associate Professor of Library Science and Director of the Simmons Library School. Under her guidance, the Library School developed courses in cataloguing and special programs for children’s librarians, and worked to foster relationships between students and prospective employers. Donnelly was a supporter of women’s suffrage and possibly a member of the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union of Boston (WEIU), though little evidence remains of her political activities. Most of her pursuits were related to her work as a librarian; she was a member of the American Library Association (ALA), the New York Library School Association, and the Massachusetts and Pennsylvania Library Clubs. In 1918, Donnelly organized the first meeting of the New England School Library Association, held at Simmons, and in 1922, she was nominated for membership on the executive board of the ALA. She often encouraged college-educated women to pursue librarianship as a career, believing that “library service is a field particularly suited to women,” particularly those interested in social and community service. Donnelly retired from Simmons in 1937, but her date of death is unknown. She is remembered for her contributions to the field of Library Science, and the Simmons School of Library and Information Science continues to offer a scholarship in her name. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Simmons University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Images from the Simmons University Archives collections are made available for study purposes only. For more information, or to request rights to reproduce or reuse any images, contact the University Archives at archives@simmons.edu. https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/6d6da01c1dda369ab2d7d6a0d3069fc9.jpg 7b86057a977c71ee92951189648c9a99 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Margaret Judson Faculty, English Description An account of the resource Margaret Judson was born in Orange, New Jersey in 1880 to Edward and Antoinette (Barstow) Judson. Her father was the pastor of Memorial Baptist Church in New York City and a professor at Colgate Theological Seminary. Margaret attended Vassar College, graduating with an A.B. in English in 1903. After graduation, Judson moved to Boston, taking a position as an instructor in English at Simmons. She taught at the College for less than two years, returning to Vassar in 1905 to teach English there. Judson likely remained at Vassar for the rest of her career, taking intermittent leaves to pursue graduate study at Yale between 1907 and 1909 and again from 1912 to 1914. In 1913, she accepted a joint position as Dean of Women and Professor of English at Shepardson College, the women’s college of Denison University in Ohio. She returned to Vassar in 1916, however, and was promoted to Associate Professor of English. In addition to her teaching work, Judson was also a published poet and author. Her English textbook Composition, Rhetoric, Literature, co-authored with Dr. Martha Hale Shackford of Wellesley College, was published in 1917. She also penned a stage adaptation of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, but it was never published. Though little is known about Judson’s social or political activities, she was an active suffragist, holding membership in both the Dutchess County (New York) Equal Suffrage League and the Equal Franchise League of New Haven, Connecticut. Judson died in Cazenovia, New York, in July of 1963. https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/50e220cc62d14457856cbcd2b11c4786.jpg 7b86057a977c71ee92951189648c9a99 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Annette Philbrick Locke Fellow, Home Economics Description An account of the resource Annette E. Philbrick was born in Iowa City in 1875 to Philetus Harvey Philbrick and Malah P. (Brackett) Philbrick. She attended the Iowa City public schools until the family moved to Nebraska, and she finished her early education in the city of Ainsworth. She went on to study at the University of Nebraska, earning her B.S. in 1897 and graduating as a member of the Phi Beta Kappa academic honor society. Philbrick then pursued graduate work at her alma mater until 1898, when she moved to New York City to study at the Columbia Teachers College, earning a diploma in Home Economics the following year. In 1899, Philbrick returned to the University of Nebraska, this time as an instructor in Home Economics. Around this time, she also submitted a paper on school responses to cultural differences among students to the Lake Placid Conference on Home Economics. Philbrick took a leave from the University in 1901, accepting a fellowship in Home Economics at the Boston School of Housekeeping, which later became part of Simmons. During the year she spent in Boston, she worked under Henrietta Goodrich, Director of the School of Housekeeping, to oversee a series of nutritional studies for the United States Department of Agriculture. Philbrick remained at the University of Nebraska until at least 1914, earning a promotion to Associate Professor in 1908. Philbrick married newspaper editor Walter Leonard Locke in 1910, and the couple had one son, Francis Philbrick, in 1912. Though little information remains about her later life, Locke identified as a progressive Democrat and was an active suffragist, holding membership in the College Equal Suffrage League (CESL) and likely in the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). In 1920, shortly after the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, she added her name to a public list of Nebraska women, many of whom were also suffragists, opposing a state referendum for direct primaries. Philbrick was also active in the Home Economics Association and the Association of Collegiate Alumnae, and a charter member of the All Souls Unitarian Church in Lincoln, Nebraska, where she resided. Philbrick’s date of death is unknown. https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/60daf88514a6147a41d3badec3c0300d.jpg 7b86057a977c71ee92951189648c9a99 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Julia Eleanor Moody Faculty, Biology Description An account of the resource Julia Eleanor Moody was born in Canton, New York in 1869 to Harnel and Adelia (Hewett) Moody. She attended Mount Holyoke College, earning a B.S. in 1894 and then an M.A. in 1909 and writing her master’s thesis on the anatomy and embryology of Cumingia tellinoides, a species of clam. During this time, she also taught Zoology at Mount Holyoke and studied intermittently at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. After earning her M.A., Moody went on to study at Columbia University, graduating with a PhD in Zoology in 1912. That same year, Dr. Moody accepted two teaching positions, one in the Biology Department at Simmons, and the other in the Zoology Department at Wellesley. She stayed at Simmons for only two years, but maintained her post at Wellesley until her retirement in 1937. Little is known about Moody’s political and social activities, though she was a supporter of women’s suffrage. She was also a member of the College Club of Boston and was elected to the American Society of Zoologists in 1914. In addition to her teaching work, she also coauthored a series of informational science books for children with Mount Holyoke professor Jeannette Marks, the most popular of which were Little Busybodies (1909) and A Holiday with the Birds (1910). Moody and Marks were committed to instilling in children an interest in science and nature, and they remarked in a newspaper interview in 1909 that they wrote “with the determination that the child should not be bored…they shan’t be told a single uninteresting fact.” Moody’s date of death is unknown. https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/ff2e6445440112242505242f031b8209.jpg 95a99dfd794f2ba1c9ea9286f021d4f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Melnea A. (Jones) Cass Honorary Degree Recipient, 1971 Description An account of the resource Melnea Cass was born Melnea Agnes Jones in Richmond, Virginia, in 1896. Her mother was a domestic worker and her father was a janitor. Her mother died when Melnea was young, and Melnea and her sisters moved to Boston to live with their Aunt Ella. Cass attended the Boston Public Schools until she was in high school, when her aunt, recognizing her niece’s academic skill, sent her back to Virginia to attend St. Francis de Sales Convent School, a Catholic school for Black and Native American girls. Cass graduated as valedictorian of her class in 1914. After graduation, Cass returned to Boston, hoping to find work as a salesgirl. She soon found, however, that few of the city’s department stores hired Black employees, and was forced to take a job as a domestic worker instead. In 1917, she married Marshall Cass, a soldier, and gave birth to the first of their three children while her husband was away serving in World War I. When the war was over, the Cass family moved to Roxbury and Melnea embarked on what would become a lifetime of civil rights work and other political activism. In 1920, after the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, Cass canvassed in her Roxbury neighborhood, registering Black women to vote for the first time. Around this time, she also joined the NAACP, attending lectures and drawing inspiration from the writings and speeches of civil rights activist William Monroe Trotter. Cass’s involvement in the NAACP prompted her to work against racism in Boston, attending protests calling for equal employment opportunities in the retail and medical fields. She also worked as a secretary for the Northeastern Region of the National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs and helped form both the Boston chapter of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Freedom House, a community center that worked to help Black Bostonians. From 1962 to 1964, Cass served as president of the Boston branch of the NAACP, persuading the city to hold annual Crispus Attucks and Frederick Douglass commemorations and overseeing early protests against the Boston School Committee’s segregation policy. She remained on the board of the NAACP after her tenure as president and was involved in the filing of the lawsuit that led to court-ordered busing in Boston in the 1970s. From the 1930s, Cass became known in Boston for her community organizing work, a reputation that earned her the nickname “the First Lady of Roxbury.” During her long career as an activist, she volunteered at the Robert Gould Shaw settlement house, joined the Harriet Tubman Mothers’ Club and the Sojourner Truth Club, and led efforts to establish a local kindergarten for Black children. In 1950 she was appointed a charter member of Action for Boston Community Development (ABCD), an organization that assisted residents who had been displaced by urban renewal efforts. She also served as president of the Women’s Service Club in the 1960s, leading a job training program for recent immigrants, and was Chair of the Massachusetts Advisory Committee for the Elderly from 1975 to 1976. During her lifetime, Cass was often honored for contributions to the Boston community, receiving honorary degrees from Northeastern University (1969), Simmons College (1971), and Boston College (1975). In 1966, Boston Mayor John Volpe declared May 22 Melnea Cass Day in honor of her seventieth birthday. The city also honored her as a “Grand Bostonian” at a ceremonial dinner in 1977. Cass died in 1978 and is buried in Roslindale. Melnea Cass Boulevard in Boston was named for her in 1981, and several community centers also bear her name. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Melnea A. Cass Papers Northeastern University Archives and Special Collections https://archivesspace.library.northeastern.edu/repositories/2/resources/845 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954-1979 https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/64a89920d20de419f7362bd2a2694f4c.png 09e1e4c1f640b7043c7a3434bc42d6df Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katharine Lent Stevenson Namesake of the Katharine Lent Stevenson Memorial Fund Description An account of the resource Katharine Lent (sometimes spelled Lente) was born in Copake, New York in 1853 to Marvin Richardson Lent, a Methodist minister, and Hannah (Louzada) Lent. She attended Amenia Seminary in New York, graduating as valedictorian in 1875. She went on to earn a degree from Boston University’s School of Theology in 1881, where she was the only woman in her class. Lent married James Stevenson, a Boston merchant, around 1882, and became stepmother to his three young daughters. Katharine had been involved in the temperance movement since the age of fourteen, when she had joined the International Order of Good Templars in New York. She became a member of the Allston-Brighton branch of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1887, when she was serving as an associate pastor at the Allston Methodist Episcopal Church. The position was short-lived, as Stevenson was terminated after the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church refused to recognize women as preachers, but her WCTU connections offered her new opportunities. She was appointed the Suffolk County Superintendent of Evangelistic Work for the WCTU around 1887, and then elected Corresponding Secretary of the Massachusetts WCTU in 1891. Her devotion to the cause earned her a position as Corresponding Secretary of the National WCTU in 1893, an office she occupied for five years. Soon after her election to the National WCTU, Stevenson took on another role in the temperance movement, moving briefly to Chicago to work as an editor in the Department of Books and Leaflets at the Woman’s Temperance Publishing Association. During this time, she also published her book A Brief History of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (1907), and served as a contributing editor to the WCTU periodical the Union Signal, writing frequent articles about women’s rights and social reform. Stevenson returned to Boston in 1898 to accept a position as President of the Massachusetts WCTU, serving for the next twenty years. While working for the Massachusetts WCTU, Stevenson also became active in the World’s WCTU, serving as Superintendent of its Promotion of Good Citizenship Department between 1907 and 1910 and overseeing its World Missionary Fund until 1913. In 1908, she took a leave of absence from her Massachusetts WCTU work so she could travel the world as a temperance missionary, visiting schools and churches in Hawaii, China, New Zealand, and India, among other places. She spoke about her experiences in a Boston Globe interview in 1910, condemning the “influence of western civilization in spreading the drink and cigarette habits” to other countries. At home as well as abroad, Stevenson was a staunch Prohibitionist, often writing in support of a federal Prohibition amendment and attending hearings on temperance legislation at the Massachusetts State House. For Stevenson, a member of the Massachusetts Equal Suffrage League, the temperance cause was inextricably linked to the struggle for women’s voting rights. In 1914, Stevenson penned an essay arguing that corrupt politicians associated with the liquor trade knew that “with universal woman suffrage the doom of the organized, legalized, liquor traffic is sealed,” and therefore continued to deny women the vote in an effort to maintain their own power. In 1918, Stevenson retired as President of the Massachusetts WCTU and returned to the National WCTU, where she became Superintendent of Americanization. She held this position until March of 1919, when she died suddenly while on a trip to Des Moines, Iowa. Shortly after her death, her colleagues at the Massachusetts WCTU established the Katharine Lent Stevenson Memorial Fund at Simmons in her honor, citing the College’s vocational mission as one Stevenson would have admired. They asked each WCTU member to donate twenty cents to the fund, one for each year of Stevenson’s term as President. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Internet Archive https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/4adbdacb8784af8942c14c3cdf37bd92.png 956273305a5268b8489fd45da4e67a06 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Caroline Crawford '07 Description An account of the resource Mary Caroline Crawford was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts in 1874 to James Crawford, a laundry worker, and Mary (Coburn) Crawford. She graduated from the Boston Girls’ Latin School in 1892 and went on to attend Radcliffe College between 1894 and 1897. Though financial hardship forced her to drop out before finishing her degree, Crawford’s social and intellectual engagement at Radcliffe meant that her classmates always considered her a member of the 1898 class. In 1899, the death of her father left Crawford the sole provider for her mother and younger brother. She became a journalist, writing special features and editorials for the Boston Transcript and working as the literary editor of the Boston Budget until 1902. She remained a frequent contributor to a variety of newspapers and periodicals for much of her life, often writing about international affairs and women laborers and advocating for equal pay and world peace. In the midst of her journalistic career, she also pursued a course in social work at the Boston School for Social Workers, then a collaboration between Simmons College and Harvard University. She graduated in 1907 and immediately founded Boston’s Social Service Publicity Bureau, serving as Financial and Publicity Counselor and Promoter of Welfare Organizations. Crawford also became interested in women’s labor rights and trade unions during this time, and briefly worked as a secretary for the Boston chapter of the Women’s Trade Union League, advocating on behalf of women bindery strikers. Among social workers and reformers, Crawford was best known for her work as Executive Secretary of the Ford Hall Forum between 1908 and 1921. In this role, she organized weekly Sunday gatherings for workers and their families and facilitated discussions about labor rights and unionization. She later conducted a similar program at the Old South Meeting House, where she was Executive Secretary until 1932. Between her journalistic pursuits and social reform projects, Crawford also gained national attention as an author and social historian, publishing nearly a book a year between 1902 and 1914. Her most well-known work was The College Girl of America (1904), in which she encouraged college-educated women to pursue fulfilling careers after graduation. Many of her other books devoted special attention to the experiences of women in early New England or in literary history. Her book Goethe and His Woman Friends (1911) necessitated a trip to Germany in 1910, during which Crawford researched the women who influenced the famous writer. In addition to her literary and social work, Crawford was involved in politics and club activism for much of her life. A Boston Globe reporter described her as “an ardent suffragist” in 1911, and she continued to advocate for women politically even after the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, supporting women’s right to serve on a jury in a Women’s City Club debate in 1928. Crawford held membership in the Boston Authors Club and the Monday Evening Club for Social Workers, and was a founding member of the Boston Quota Club. In her later years, she described herself as a Wilsonian Democrat and admitted to “heckling senators…sometimes by letter.” She was also a lifelong Episcopalian, working on a national campaign to raise awareness for the church in 1919 and 1920. Crawford died suddenly in November of 1932. Delegations from various clubs attended her funeral, remembering her for her social, political, and literary contributions to the city of Boston. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Boston Globe Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 12, 1911 https://beatleyweb.simmons.edu/suffrage/files/original/7fd6603a5b87fd75a530abfeb8b1e405.jpg f0cc0c5eab44e76632a9e168b3d3f468 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fanny Baker Ames Trustee Description An account of the resource Fanny Baker Ames was born Julia Frances Baker in 1840 in Canandaigua, New York to Increase Baker, a coal measurer, and Julia (Canfield) Baker. The family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio when Fanny was a child, and she completed one term at Antioch College in 1857 before spending the next five years teaching in the Cincinnati Public Schools. She left her teaching position during the Civil War to work as a volunteer nurse in military hospitals. In 1863, Baker married Charles Gordon Ames, a newspaper editor and Unitarian minister. The couple had four children, one of whom died in infancy. Charles’s health and employment were precarious, and the family moved frequently so that he could take the fresh air of California or lead congregations in Boston and Pennsylvania. Wherever they went, Charles looked for opportunities to engage in charity work and reform activities, and his enthusiasm for social causes sparked Fanny’s own interest in helping others and agitating for women’s rights. The couple also shared a commitment to women’s suffrage, and in 1869, they attended the founding convention of Lucy Stone’s American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). The following year, they helped establish California’s first state suffrage association, though they soon withdrew when the organization chose to align itself with Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) instead of AWSA. When Ames and her family moved to Philadelphia for the first time in the early 1870s, she devoted her attention to the founding and directing of the Relief Society of Germantown, a charity organization dedicated to aiding Pennsylvania’s poor. She was particularly interested in the welfare of poor children, and headed the first board of directors of Philadelphia’s Children’s Aid Society and Bureau of Information in 1883, traveling the state to place orphaned children in country homes. By 1888, the Ames family had settled permanently in Boston, though Ames frequently traveled to meetings and events in Philadelphia for much of her life. While in Boston, she held various positions in the Massachusetts and New England Suffrage Associations and served as President of the Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government. She was elected to the Boston School Committee in 1896, serving for three years. Ames was also employed for seven years as the first woman factory inspector in Massachusetts, reporting to the Massachusetts District Police Department of Inspection. Ames traveled through Boston and Worcester, observing factories, laundries, and workshops, and issuing citations to employers who failed to comply with child labor laws and workplace safety standards, especially for women workers. In 1897, however, Ames was forced to resign from her position when representatives from a working women’s union protested her reappointment, accusing her of notifying employers of inspection dates before her arrival, overlooking labor law violations, and continuing to accept her full salary while on an extended trip to Europe. Despite these allegations, Ames remained a respected figure in Boston for her reform efforts, and in 1900, she was invited to join the Committee on Organization of the newly founded Simmons College, shaping the College’s mission and development in her role as a founding trustee. In addition to her suffrage and government work, Ames was known as an active clubwoman and reformer in both Philadelphia and Boston. She was a founding member and, later, President, of Philadelphia’s New Century Club, a women’s reform organization, and was also involved in the Pennsylvania Yearly Meeting of Progressive Friends. In Boston, she attended meetings of the Round Table social reform discussion group and, as a life member of the American Unitarian Association, was active in Boston’s Church of the Disciples. Ames also served on the National Council of Women’s Committee on Divorce Reform and held membership in the Anti-Imperialist League, a group founded in 1898 to protest the Spanish-American War. Ames died of a heart complaint and nephritis at her summer home in Yarmouth, Massachusetts in August of 1931. She is buried beside her husband in Minneapolis. Ames was honored with a well-attended memorial service at the Church of the Disciples shortly after her death, and is still remembered for her contributions to social service work. One of her daughters, Alice Ames Winter, carried on her mother’s activist spirit, serving as President of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs in the 1920s. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Fanny Baker Ames Papers. Schlesinger Library in the History of Women in America, Radcliffe Institute. https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/resources/8312